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@ -0,0 +1,544 @@
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/*
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* Libbacktrace
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* Copyright 2015 Stephen Street <stephen@redrocketcomputing.com>
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*
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* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
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* License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
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* file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
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*
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* This library was modified, some bugs fixed, stack address validated
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* and adapted to be used in Marlin 3D printer firmware as backtracer
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* for exceptions for debugging purposes in 2018 by Eduardo José Tagle.
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*/
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#ifdef ARDUINO_ARCH_SAM
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#include "backtrace.h"
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#include <stdint.h>
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#include <string.h>
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typedef struct unwind_control_block {
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uint32_t vrs[16];
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const uint32_t *current;
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int remaining;
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int byte;
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} unwind_control_block_t;
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typedef struct unwind_index {
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uint32_t addr_offset;
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uint32_t insn;
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} unwind_index_t;
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/* These symbols point to the unwind index and should be provide by the linker script */
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extern const unwind_index_t __exidx_start[];
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extern const unwind_index_t __exidx_end[];
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/* This prevents the linking of libgcc unwinder code */
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void __aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr0(void) {};
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void __aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr1(void) {};
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void __aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr2(void) {};
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/* These symbols point to the start and end of stack */
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extern const int _sstack;
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extern const int _estack;
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/* These symbols point to the start and end of the code section */
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extern const int _sfixed;
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extern const int _efixed;
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/* These symbols point to the start and end of initialized data (could be SRAM functions!) */
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extern const int _srelocate;
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extern const int _erelocate;
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/* Validate stack pointer (SP): It must be in the stack area */
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static inline __attribute__((always_inline)) int validate_sp(const void* sp) {
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// SP must point into the allocated stack area
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if ((uint32_t)sp >= (uint32_t)&_sstack && (uint32_t)sp <= (uint32_t)&_estack)
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return 0;
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return -1;
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}
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/* Validate code pointer (PC): It must be either in TEXT or in SRAM */
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static inline __attribute__((always_inline)) int validate_pc(const void* pc) {
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// PC must point into the text (CODE) area
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if ((uint32_t)pc >= (uint32_t)&_sfixed && (uint32_t)pc <= (uint32_t)&_efixed)
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return 0;
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// Or into the SRAM function area
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if ((uint32_t)pc >= (uint32_t)&_srelocate && (uint32_t)pc <= (uint32_t)&_erelocate)
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return 0;
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return 0;
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}
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static inline __attribute__((always_inline)) uint32_t prel31_to_addr(const uint32_t *prel31) {
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int32_t offset = (((int32_t)(*prel31)) << 1) >> 1;
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return ((uint32_t)prel31 + offset) & 0x7fffffff;
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}
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static const struct unwind_index *unwind_search_index(const unwind_index_t *start, const unwind_index_t *end, uint32_t ip) {
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const struct unwind_index *middle;
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/* Perform a binary search of the unwind index */
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while (start < end - 1) {
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middle = start + ((end - start + 1) >> 1);
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if (ip < prel31_to_addr(&middle->addr_offset))
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end = middle;
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else
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start = middle;
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}
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return start;
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}
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static const char *unwind_get_function_name(void *address) {
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uint32_t flag_word = *(uint32_t *)(address - 4);
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if ((flag_word & 0xff000000) == 0xff000000) {
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return (const char *)(address - 4 - (flag_word & 0x00ffffff));
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}
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return "unknown";
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}
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static int unwind_get_next_byte(unwind_control_block_t *ucb) {
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int instruction;
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/* Are there more instructions */
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if (ucb->remaining == 0)
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return -1;
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/* Extract the current instruction */
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instruction = ((*ucb->current) >> (ucb->byte << 3)) & 0xff;
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/* Move the next byte */
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--ucb->byte;
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if (ucb->byte < 0) {
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++ucb->current;
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ucb->byte = 3;
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}
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--ucb->remaining;
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return instruction;
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}
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static int unwind_control_block_init(unwind_control_block_t *ucb, const uint32_t *instructions, const backtrace_frame_t *frame) {
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/* Initialize control block */
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memset(ucb, 0, sizeof(unwind_control_block_t));
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ucb->current = instructions;
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/* Is a short unwind description */
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if ((*instructions & 0xff000000) == 0x80000000) {
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ucb->remaining = 3;
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ucb->byte = 2;
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/* Is a long unwind description */
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} else if ((*instructions & 0xff000000) == 0x81000000) {
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ucb->remaining = ((*instructions & 0x00ff0000) >> 14) + 2;
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ucb->byte = 1;
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} else
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return -1;
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/* Initialize the virtual register set */
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ucb->vrs[7] = frame->fp;
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ucb->vrs[13] = frame->sp;
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ucb->vrs[14] = frame->lr;
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ucb->vrs[15] = 0;
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/* All good */
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return 0;
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}
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static int unwind_execute_instruction(unwind_control_block_t *ucb) {
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int instruction;
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uint32_t mask;
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uint32_t reg;
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uint32_t *vsp;
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/* Consume all instruction byte */
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while ((instruction = unwind_get_next_byte(ucb)) != -1) {
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if ((instruction & 0xc0) == 0x00) { // ARM_EXIDX_CMD_DATA_POP
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/* vsp = vsp + (xxxxxx << 2) + 4 */
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ucb->vrs[13] += ((instruction & 0x3f) << 2) + 4;
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} else
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if ((instruction & 0xc0) == 0x40) { // ARM_EXIDX_CMD_DATA_PUSH
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/* vsp = vsp - (xxxxxx << 2) - 4 */
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ucb->vrs[13] -= ((instruction & 0x3f) << 2) - 4;
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} else
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if ((instruction & 0xf0) == 0x80) {
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/* pop under mask {r15-r12},{r11-r4} or refuse to unwind */
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instruction = instruction << 8 | unwind_get_next_byte(ucb);
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/* Check for refuse to unwind */
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if (instruction == 0x8000) // ARM_EXIDX_CMD_REFUSED
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return 0;
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/* Pop registers using mask */ // ARM_EXIDX_CMD_REG_POP
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vsp = (uint32_t *)ucb->vrs[13];
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mask = instruction & 0xfff;
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reg = 4;
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while (mask) {
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if ((mask & 1) != 0) {
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if (validate_sp(vsp))
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return -1;
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ucb->vrs[reg] = *vsp++;
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}
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mask >>= 1;
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++reg;
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}
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/* Patch up the vrs sp if it was in the mask */
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if ((instruction & (1 << (13 - 4))) != 0)
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ucb->vrs[13] = (uint32_t)vsp;
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} else
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if ((instruction & 0xf0) == 0x90 && // ARM_EXIDX_CMD_REG_TO_SP
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instruction != 0x9d &&
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instruction != 0x9f) {
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/* vsp = r[nnnn] */
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ucb->vrs[13] = ucb->vrs[instruction & 0x0f];
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} else
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if ((instruction & 0xf0) == 0xa0) { // ARM_EXIDX_CMD_REG_POP
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/* pop r4-r[4+nnn] or pop r4-r[4+nnn], r14*/
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vsp = (uint32_t *)ucb->vrs[13];
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for (reg = 4; reg <= (instruction & 0x07) + 4; ++reg) {
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if (validate_sp(vsp))
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return -1;
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ucb->vrs[reg] = *vsp++;
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}
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if (instruction & 0x08) { // ARM_EXIDX_CMD_REG_POP
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if (validate_sp(vsp))
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return -1;
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ucb->vrs[14] = *vsp++;
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}
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ucb->vrs[13] = (uint32_t)vsp;
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} else
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if (instruction == 0xb0) { // ARM_EXIDX_CMD_FINISH
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/* finished */
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if (ucb->vrs[15] == 0)
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ucb->vrs[15] = ucb->vrs[14];
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/* All done unwinding */
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return 0;
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} else
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if (instruction == 0xb1) { // ARM_EXIDX_CMD_REG_POP
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/* pop register under mask {r3,r2,r1,r0} */
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vsp = (uint32_t *)ucb->vrs[13];
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mask = unwind_get_next_byte(ucb);
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reg = 0;
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while (mask) {
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if ((mask & 1) != 0) {
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if (validate_sp(vsp))
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return -1;
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ucb->vrs[reg] = *vsp++;
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}
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mask >>= 1;
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++reg;
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}
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ucb->vrs[13] = (uint32_t)vsp;
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} else
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if (instruction == 0xb2) { // ARM_EXIDX_CMD_DATA_POP
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/* vps = vsp + 0x204 + (uleb128 << 2) */
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ucb->vrs[13] += 0x204 + (unwind_get_next_byte(ucb) << 2);
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} else
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if (instruction == 0xb3 || // ARM_EXIDX_CMD_VFP_POP
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instruction == 0xc8 ||
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instruction == 0xc9) {
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/* pop VFP double-precision registers */
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vsp = (uint32_t *)ucb->vrs[13];
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/* D[ssss]-D[ssss+cccc] */
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if (validate_sp(vsp))
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return -1;
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ucb->vrs[14] = *vsp++;
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if (instruction == 0xc8) {
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/* D[16+sssss]-D[16+ssss+cccc] */
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ucb->vrs[14] |= 1 << 16;
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}
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if (instruction != 0xb3) {
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/* D[sssss]-D[ssss+cccc] */
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ucb->vrs[14] |= 1 << 17;
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}
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ucb->vrs[13] = (uint32_t)vsp;
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} else
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if ((instruction & 0xf8) == 0xb8 ||
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(instruction & 0xf8) == 0xd0) {
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/* Pop VFP double precision registers D[8]-D[8+nnn] */
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ucb->vrs[14] = 0x80 | (instruction & 0x07);
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if ((instruction & 0xf8) == 0xd0) {
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ucb->vrs[14] = 1 << 17;
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}
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} else
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return -1;
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}
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return instruction != -1;
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}
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static inline __attribute__((always_inline)) uint32_t *read_psp(void) {
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/* Read the current PSP and return its value as a pointer */
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uint32_t psp;
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__asm volatile (
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" mrs %0, psp \n"
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: "=r" (psp) : :
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);
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return (uint32_t*)psp;
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}
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static int unwind_frame(backtrace_frame_t *frame) {
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unwind_control_block_t ucb;
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const unwind_index_t *index;
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const uint32_t *instructions;
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int execution_result;
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/* Search the unwind index for the matching unwind table */
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index = unwind_search_index(__exidx_start, __exidx_end, frame->pc);
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if (index == NULL)
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return -1;
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/* Make sure we can unwind this frame */
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if (index->insn == 0x00000001)
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return 0;
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/* Get the pointer to the first unwind instruction */
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if (index->insn & 0x80000000)
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|
|
|
instructions = &index->insn;
|
|
|
|
|
else
|
|
|
|
|
instructions = (uint32_t *)prel31_to_addr(&index->insn);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Initialize the unwind control block */
|
|
|
|
|
if (unwind_control_block_init(&ucb, instructions, frame) < 0)
|
|
|
|
|
return -1;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Execute the unwind instructions */
|
|
|
|
|
while ((execution_result = unwind_execute_instruction(&ucb)) > 0);
|
|
|
|
|
if (execution_result == -1)
|
|
|
|
|
return -1;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Set the virtual pc to the virtual lr if this is the first unwind */
|
|
|
|
|
if (ucb.vrs[15] == 0)
|
|
|
|
|
ucb.vrs[15] = ucb.vrs[14];
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Check for exception return */
|
|
|
|
|
/* TODO Test with other ARM processors to verify this method. */
|
|
|
|
|
if ((ucb.vrs[15] & 0xf0000000) == 0xf0000000) {
|
|
|
|
|
/* According to the Cortex Programming Manual (p.44), the stack address is always 8-byte aligned (Cortex-M7).
|
|
|
|
|
Depending on where the exception came from (MSP or PSP), we need the right SP value to work with.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ucb.vrs[7] contains the right value, so take it and align it by 8 bytes, store it as the current
|
|
|
|
|
SP to work with (ucb.vrs[13]) which is then saved as the current (virtual) frame's SP.
|
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
uint32_t *stack;
|
|
|
|
|
ucb.vrs[13] = (ucb.vrs[7] & ~7);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* If we need to start from the MSP, we need to go down X words to find the PC, where:
|
|
|
|
|
X=2 if it was a non-floating-point exception
|
|
|
|
|
X=20 if it was a floating-point (VFP) exception
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If we need to start from the PSP, we need to go up exactly 6 words to find the PC.
|
|
|
|
|
See the ARMv7-M Architecture Reference Manual p.594 and Cortex-M7 Processor Programming Manual p.44/p.45 for details.
|
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
if ((ucb.vrs[15] & 0xc) == 0) {
|
|
|
|
|
/* Return to Handler Mode: MSP (0xffffff-1) */
|
|
|
|
|
stack = (uint32_t*)(ucb.vrs[13]);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* The PC is always 2 words down from the MSP, if it was a non-floating-point exception */
|
|
|
|
|
stack -= 2;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* If there was a VFP exception (0xffffffe1), the PC is located another 18 words down */
|
|
|
|
|
if ((ucb.vrs[15] & 0xf0) == 0xe0) {
|
|
|
|
|
stack -= 18;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
else {
|
|
|
|
|
/* Return to Thread Mode: PSP (0xffffff-d) */
|
|
|
|
|
stack = read_psp();
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* The PC is always 6 words up from the PSP */
|
|
|
|
|
stack += 6;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Store the PC */
|
|
|
|
|
ucb.vrs[15] = *stack--;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Store the LR */
|
|
|
|
|
ucb.vrs[14] = *stack--;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* We are done if current frame pc is equal to the virtual pc, prevent infinite loop */
|
|
|
|
|
if (frame->pc == ucb.vrs[15])
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Update the frame */
|
|
|
|
|
frame->fp = ucb.vrs[7];
|
|
|
|
|
frame->sp = ucb.vrs[13];
|
|
|
|
|
frame->lr = ucb.vrs[14];
|
|
|
|
|
frame->pc = ucb.vrs[15];
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* All good */
|
|
|
|
|
return 1;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Detect if function names are available
|
|
|
|
|
static int __attribute__ ((noinline)) has_function_names(void) {
|
|
|
|
|
uint32_t flag_word = ((uint32_t*)&has_function_names)[-1];
|
|
|
|
|
return ((flag_word & 0xff000000) == 0xff000000) ? 1 : 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Detect if unwind information is present or not
|
|
|
|
|
static int has_unwind_info(void) {
|
|
|
|
|
return ((char*)(&__exidx_end) - (char*)(&__exidx_start)) > 16 ? 1 : 0; // 16 because there are default entries we can´t supress
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
int backtrace_dump(backtrace_frame_t *frame, backtrace_dump_fn_t dump_entry, void* ctx )
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
backtrace_t entry;
|
|
|
|
|
int count = 1;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* If there is no unwind information, perform a RAW try at it. Idea was taken from
|
|
|
|
|
* https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3398664/how-to-get-a-call-stack-backtrace-deeply-embedded-no-library-support
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
* And requires code to be compiled with the following flags:
|
|
|
|
|
* -mtpcs-frame -mtpcs-leaf-frame -fno-omit-frame-pointer
|
|
|
|
|
* With these options, the Stack pointer is automatically
|
|
|
|
|
* pushed to the stack at the beginning of each function.
|
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
if (!has_unwind_info()) {
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
|
* We basically iterate through the current stack finding the
|
|
|
|
|
* following combination of values:
|
|
|
|
|
* - <Frame Address>
|
|
|
|
|
* - <Link Address>
|
|
|
|
|
* This combination will occur for each function in the call stack
|
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
uint32_t previous_frame_address = (uint32_t)frame->sp;
|
|
|
|
|
uint32_t* stack_pointer = (uint32_t*)frame->sp;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// loop following stack frames
|
|
|
|
|
while (1) {
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Validate stack address
|
|
|
|
|
if (validate_sp(stack_pointer))
|
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Attempt to obtain next stack pointer
|
|
|
|
|
// The link address should come immediately after
|
|
|
|
|
const uint32_t possible_frame_address = *stack_pointer;
|
|
|
|
|
const uint32_t possible_link_address = *(stack_pointer+1);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Next check that the frame addresss (i.e. stack pointer for the function)
|
|
|
|
|
// and Link address are within an acceptable range
|
|
|
|
|
if(possible_frame_address > previous_frame_address &&
|
|
|
|
|
validate_sp((const void *)possible_frame_address) == 0 &&
|
|
|
|
|
(possible_link_address & 1) != 0 && // in THUMB mode the address will be odd
|
|
|
|
|
validate_pc((const void *)possible_link_address) == 0) {
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// We found two acceptable values.
|
|
|
|
|
entry.name = "unknown";
|
|
|
|
|
entry.address = (void*)possible_link_address;
|
|
|
|
|
entry.function = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// If there are function names, try to solve name
|
|
|
|
|
if (has_function_names()) {
|
|
|
|
|
// Lets find the function name, if possible
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Align address to 4 bytes
|
|
|
|
|
uint32_t* pf = (uint32_t*) (((uint32_t)possible_link_address) & (-4));
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Scan backwards until we find the function name
|
|
|
|
|
while(validate_pc(pf-1) == 0) {
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Get name descriptor value
|
|
|
|
|
uint32_t v = pf[-1];
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Check if name descriptor is valid and name is terminated in 0.
|
|
|
|
|
if ((v & 0xffffff00) == 0xff000000 &&
|
|
|
|
|
(v & 0xff) > 1) {
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Assume the name was found!
|
|
|
|
|
entry.name = ((const char*)pf) - 4 - (v & 0xff);
|
|
|
|
|
entry.function = (void*)pf;
|
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Go backwards to the previous word
|
|
|
|
|
--pf;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
dump_entry(count, &entry, ctx);
|
|
|
|
|
++count;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Update the book-keeping registers for the next search
|
|
|
|
|
previous_frame_address = possible_frame_address;
|
|
|
|
|
stack_pointer = (uint32_t*)(possible_frame_address + 4);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
|
|
|
|
// Keep iterating through the stack until we find an acceptable combination
|
|
|
|
|
++stack_pointer;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Otherwise, unwind information is present. Use it to unwind frames */
|
|
|
|
|
do {
|
|
|
|
|
if (frame->pc == 0) {
|
|
|
|
|
/* Reached __exidx_end. */
|
|
|
|
|
entry.name = "<reached end of unwind table>";
|
|
|
|
|
entry.address = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
entry.function = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
dump_entry(count, &entry, ctx);
|
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (frame->pc == 0x00000001) {
|
|
|
|
|
/* Reached .cantunwind instruction. */
|
|
|
|
|
entry.name = "<reached .cantunwind>";
|
|
|
|
|
entry.address = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
entry.function = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
dump_entry(count, &entry, ctx);
|
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Find the unwind index of the current frame pc */
|
|
|
|
|
const unwind_index_t *index = unwind_search_index(__exidx_start, __exidx_end, frame->pc);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Clear last bit (Thumb indicator) */
|
|
|
|
|
frame->pc &= 0xfffffffeU;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Generate the backtrace information */
|
|
|
|
|
entry.address = (void *)frame->pc;
|
|
|
|
|
entry.function = (void *)prel31_to_addr(&index->addr_offset);
|
|
|
|
|
entry.name = unwind_get_function_name(entry.function);
|
|
|
|
|
dump_entry(count, &entry, ctx);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Next backtrace frame */
|
|
|
|
|
++count;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} while (unwind_frame(frame) == 1);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* All done */
|
|
|
|
|
return count;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|